According to the Pakistan weather Meteorological Department (PMD), November 2024 was an exceptional month in terms of warmth with the record temperature being 2.89°C above normal for the country. The national mean temperature recorded was 20.75°C, a highly noticeable deviation against the average of 17.87°C and broke its own record of 19.87°C set back in 2011.
In addition to that, average daytime maximum temperatures also reached 28.05°C, making it the second highest recorded after 28.09°C in 2007. The average nighttime minimum tentatively concluded at 13.40°C which bore significantly higher temperatures than the previous high recorded in 12.22°C in 2011. This month indeed had highlights to offer concerning extreme weather conditions.
The hottest day recorded in Turbat, Balochistan, was 41.0°C on November 3. Mithi, Sindh, registered 35.5°C as the mean monthly maximum temperature. The coldest night on record was at -6.6°C in Skardu, Gilgit-Baltistan, on November 28, while it also recorded the coolest monthly mean minimum at -0.9°C.
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November’s average rainfall was almost normal at 5.6mm, with an anomaly of +8%. A single-day record downpour of 54.3mm fell on Khuzdar, Balochistan, on November 30. Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, came out highest for the month as stands at 110.0mm of rainfall.
This strange warming was indeed due to global weather conditions. Ongoing El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drifting onto the La Niña phase, showing down moving SST values around -0.6°C, is going to drop further. The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) also tilted towards the negative phase that marked the region’s climate heterogeneities. All these were pointers to significant climatic changes affecting most parts of Pakistan in order to weather.